2009年5月7日星期四

Experience and References

1) I have been in this line of business for many years. 我经营这项业务已有多年。 2) I have been for many years connected with ....Ltd. and been in charge of their export department for ten years. 我已在...公司供职多年, 十年来我一直主管他们的出口部。 3) The business will be under the management of Mr Cheng who has been for many years with this compary in charge of their sales department. 该项业务由 ... 程先生管理,他主管此公司的销售部已有多年。 4) As referees we wish to give the following who have kindly agreed go give any information you may desire. 我方接受委托推荐下列人员,他们愿意提供你方所需的任何情况。

提供服务时....Services Offered

1) Our lines are mainly...... /We can offer a large variety of .... 我们主要经营.../我方能能够提供各种...
2) We are able now to execute from stock the largest orders./to supply any quantity of our goods without delay. 我方可以承接大宗订单,现货供应/及时提供各种数量的商品。 3) We have large quantity of ....in stock. 我方可大量供应...现货。
4) At our premises we have on show the complete range of our... 在我方展厅,我们展出全套...
5) We are able to quote you very advantageous terms. 我方可报你十分优惠的条件。 6) Our agreements with leading manufacturers enable us to supply you at most attractive prices. 由于我方与主要生产商达成协议,我方能以最优价格向你方供货。
7) We should be pleased to let you have samples to give a demonstration at your premises. 欣然奉上我方产品样品,在贵方展厅展出。
8) We can assure you that all your orders will receive our immediate and most careful attention. 我方保证对你所有订单予以及时、仔细的处理。
9)This letter is to inform you that we have lately obtained a patent for a new type propulsion system for aircraft. 我方的飞机新型推进系统已获专利权,特此函告。
10) We thank you for all past favor, and we are always at your service. 谢谢你方以的惠顾,并盼总能为你效劳。
11) We are already pleased to serve you at any time. 我们随时乐意为您服务。
12) We are anxious to be able to serve you. 我们渴望为您服务。
13) Do you want this kind ot service? The enclosed.... will bring it to you. 你需此类服务吗?附上... 可满足你方要求。
14) Always with pleasure at your service. 我们随时愿为你效劳。

Opening Sentences

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1)We have (take) pleasure in informing you that...... 兹欣告你方...... 2)We have the pleasure of informing you that...... 兹欣告你方..... 3)We are pleased (glad) to inform you that...... 兹欣告你方...... 4)Further to our letter of yesterday, we now have (the) pleasure in informing you that...... 续谈我方昨日函, 现告你方...... 5)We confirm telegrams/fax messages recently exchanged between us and are pleased to say that...... 我方确认近来双方往来电报/传真,并欣告...... 6)We confirm cables exchanged as per copies (cable confirmation) herewith attached. 我方确认往来电报,参见所附文本. 7)We learn from Messrs......that you are interested and well experienced in ......business, and would like to establish business relationship with us. 我方从...公司获悉,你方对...业务感兴趣且颇有经验,意欲与我方建立业务关系. 8)Although no communication has been exchanged between us for a long time, we trust that you are doing well in business. 虽然久未通讯,谅你方生意兴隆. 9)Although we have not heard from you for guite some time, we hope your business is progressing satisfactorily. 虽然好久没接到你方来信,谅业务进展顺利. 10)We have pleasure in sending you our catalog, which gives full information about our various products. 欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 11)We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing... 很高兴寄你一邮包内装... 12)We have the pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter dated... 欣获你方...月...日来信. 13)We acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of... 谢谢你方...月...日来信. 14)We have duly received your letter of ... 刚刚收悉你方...月...日来信. 15)We thank you for your letter of ...contents of which have been noted. 谢谢你方...月...日来信,内容已悉. 16) Refering to your letter of ......we are pleased to .... 关于你方...月...日来信,我们很高兴... 17) Reverting to your letter of ...we wish to say that... 再洽你方...月...日来信,令通知... 18)In reply to your letter of ...,we... 兹复你方...月...日来函,我方... 19) We wish to refer to your letter of ...concerning 现复你方...月...日关于...的来信 20) In compliance with the request in your letter of ... we... 按你方...月...日来函要求,我方... 21) In connection with the question of supplying you with ..., we are pleased to say that... 关于向你方供应...的问题,欣告你方... 22) Further to our letter of ... we are pleased to ... 续我方...月...日函,我们很高兴... 23) We received your letter dated... and are sorry for not having replied earlier as we wished to wait for more favorable news to give you . We are now pleased to.... 你方...月...日来函收悉,考虑到给贵方更佳的信息,我方没能早日答复,甚歉。现高兴地... 24) We thank you for your letter of ... and glad to note that you have received our catalogs. 收到你方...月...日来信,非常感谢,欣悉你方已收到我方目录。 25) With reference to your letter of... addressed to our head office in Beijing which has been forwarded to us for attention and reply , we have pleasure in statin that... 你方...月...日写给我北京总公司的信已交我方处理并答复,我们乐意表示... 26) We received your letter of ... It is gratifying to note that.... 你方...月...日来函收到。欣悉... 27) We received your letter of... We are under the impression that... 你方...月...日来函收悉,我们的印象是... 28) We received your letter of... and are indebted to you for introducing us to ... 你方...月...日来信收悉,感谢你方将我公司介绍给...公司。 29) We owe your address to ... 我方从...获得你方地址。 30) We should be glad if you would let us know whether... 如果贵方告知是否...,我们将很高兴。 31) May we have details of ...? 我们可以得到...的详情吗? 32) We are sending you under separate cover... 兹另封寄上... 33) We attach for your information the copy of a letter received today from... 附上今日收到的从...一信的复印件,供你方参考。 34) We have received an inquiry for... 我们收到...的询盘。 35) We have been informed by... ...已通知我方。 36) In replay to your letter of ...concerning...we are glad to be able to /story to have tell you that... 兹复贵方...月...日有关...的来函,很高兴/抱歉告知贵方... 37) We thank you for your letter of ...informing us that... 我们感激贵方...月...日的来函,惠告... 38) You kindly enclosed with your letter of ...particulars of ..., for which we thank you. 十分感激贵方随...月...日函附上的... 39) Your letter of the ...crossed ours of the same date. 贵方...月...日函刚好错过我方同日信函。 40) We are surprised to learn from your letter of...that... 从你方...月...日函惊讶地获悉... 41)We must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter of... 迟复贵方...月...日函,甚歉! 42) We thank you for your letter of ...and have much pleasure in replying to your various questions as follows: ... 感谢贵方...月...日的来信,很愉快答复各种问题如下: ... 43)In reply to your letter/inquiry of ... , we wish to inform you that... 兹复贵方...月...日函/询盘,我们愿意告诉贵方... 44)Further to our letter of ...we wisth to informs you that... 续谈我方...月...日函,欣告... 45)We refer to our letter of ...in which we asked you... 参阅我方...月...日的信件,我们要求贵方... 46) On...we wrote to you that... ...月...日我们函告贵方... 47)Since writing to you on...we have ascertained that... ...月...日写信给贵方以来,我们已确定... 48)In your letter of... you expressed interest in our... 贵方在...月...日来函中表示对我方...有兴趣。 49)Some time ago you told us that... 不久前,贵方告知我方... 50)Since receipt of your letter of ...we have been trying to find out more about... 收到贵方...月...日信函后,我们一直设法得到更多关于... 51)It is a long time since we have heard you about... 收到你方关于...的信件后已过了很长的时间。 52)In reply to our inquiry we have been told by...that... 兹复我方询盘, ...已告我方... 53) We would point out that... 我方指出... 54) For your information we would add that... 我方要补充说明...供你参考。 55) As we informed you yesterday/by our letter dated... 正如我方昨日/...月...日信函所通知的... 56) According to information received from... 根据从...得到消息, ... 57) We need hardly say that... 我们几乎不须说... 58) We hear on good authority that... 我们从可靠的官方消息得知... 59) As far as we know... 正如我方所知... 60) It appears that... 看来... 61)Please note that... 请注意... 62)We would mention, however, that ... 然而我们将提及... 63)As you will see from the enclosed copy... 正如你从随函附件中发现...64) Will you please wire us on receipt of this letter to let us know if... 一俟收到此函,请电告我方是否... 65)Would you kindly reply by return of the post to tell us whether... 请速复告我方是否... 66)We should be grateful if you would do your utmost to... 如你方尽力去...不胜感激。 67)Under the circumstances it is essential that... 在这种情况下, ...是很必要的。 68)Will you please let us have for our information... 请惠告...供我参考。 69)We note with regret that... 我们遗憾地注意到... 70)We are very sorry indeed to hear from your letter of ...that... 从贵方...月...日的信函中得知...,我们确实很遗憾。 71)We are sorry to tell you that... 歉告你方... 72)We are sorry not to be able to give you the information requested. 恕不能提供所需信息。 73)We are very sorry not to be able to give you a definite reply in respect of the above matter. 就上述事情,我方歉难给予肯定的答复。 74)We are very for the inconvenience that may have caused you . 对给你方带来的不便我方表示歉意。 75)We are very sorry that we cannot avali ourselves of your offer. 我方歉难接受你方报价。 76)Please accept our apologies. 请接受我方的道歉。 77)As requested we are sending you... 按你方的要求,现奉上... 78)In accordance with your wishes... 按你方的要求... 79)We confirm our telegram of this morning as per enclosed copy. 按所附文本,兹确认今晨我方发出的电报。 80)We note with interest the suggestion contained in your letter of... 我方高兴地注意到你方...月...日信件中的...建议。
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81)We note your remarks concerning... 我们注意到你方关于...的看法。 82)We should be glad to have your confirmation that ... 欣盼你方确认... 83)We have received your fax/telegram of today's date, which reads as follows: 我方收到你方今日发出的传真/电报,电文如下: 84)We wish to remind your of our letter of...in which we asked you to ... 我们提醒你方注意,我方...月...日函要求你方... 85)We would remind you that we have not had a reply yet from you to our question. 需提醒你方,我方尚未得到你方对...问题的答复。 86)We are sorry to remind you that... 很遗憾,现提醒你方... 87)As you will no doubt remember... 你方无疑会记得... 88)As to the question of ... I agree with you that... 就...问题,我同意你... 89)We understand/have been informed that... 我方清楚/我方已被告知... 90)If that is the case... 若是这样的话... 91)As you are, no doubt, aware of/that... 无疑你方会知道... 92)We are quite willing to ... 我方很愿意... 93)In view of these facts... 鉴于这些事实... 94)Unless we hear form you to the contrary... 除非我方收到你方相反的通知... 95)If we are not mistaken... 如果我方没有错的话... 96)According to our records/the information we hae obtained... 根据我方记载/根据我方已得到的信息... 97)We with to add... 我们希望加上... 98)As mentioned above... 如上面所提到的... 99)We quite understand that... 我们很理解... 100)We enclose... 我方附上... 101)For your information... 供你方参考...

用英语跟客户周旋必会的句子

1. I will send you some brochures, if you are interested.
  如果您有兴趣的话,我可以寄给您一些介绍产品的小册子。
  2. Can you suggest an alternative﹖
  能否告知您其他方便时间?
  3. As an alternative, I wish to propose May 3rd.
  另一个方便时间是5月3日。
  4. If you are interested, we may consider selecting you as our partner.
  如果贵公司感兴趣,我们可以考虑选择你们作为我们的合作伙伴。
  5. I see. But aren’t these prices for your domestic customers﹖
  我明白了。但是这些价格是提供给国内顾客的吗?
  6.Yes, we take note of your comment. Prices depend also on volume. How much quantity do you forecast to sell in the first year﹖
  好的,我们会注意这一点。价格也会因数量而有所不同,贵公司预计在第一年销售多少数量呢?
  7.Then, let us develop together a marketing plan with yearly forecasts of volume with pricing.
  那么,让我们依年度数量预测来共同拟订一个市场销售计划

外贸实战:展会上和老外交流的销售技巧 

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我们的老外贸都知道了,在展览会上我们能碰到各种各样的买家。在第一次见面的时候,你假如发挥的好一点,能增加你获得定单的概率。毕竟很多业务员一年也没有几次参加展览会的机会,一定要达到收获最大化。根据自己的经验和荷兰公司提供的信息,总结出了以下几点。希望对大家有用。1, 欧洲人,美国人是非常喜欢那种interactive 的人的,你不需要太拘谨,不需要什么都yes.  在两个人对话的时候,适当的时候要称呼对方。假如你在对话中经常称呼对方,对方也会称呼你,这样可以让客户很容易对你有印象,这样对后续跟踪客户好处多多。非英语的名字,象北欧人的名字,我们根本不知道怎么发音,很多法国人的名字不是按英语发音的,要注意,你不会读可以直接问客户,这是不失礼的。  2,母语是英语的人说话可能会很快,没有停顿的。你可以让别人稍微慢一点,这是不失礼的。千万不要没有听懂就接客户的话。否则客户会觉得和你沟通很困难。很容易就走掉了。   3, 客户坐下来以后,你可以问客户你可以给我多少时间。 How many time are you available? 这样可以体现你对客户行程的尊重,也可以让你自己根据时间来掌握沟通的内容  4, 老外只要坐下来以后,要让老外多说,在你完全明白的情况下,再介绍你自己。 和欧洲美国人谈的时候,你可以让客户简单的说一下此行的目的。希望找一些什么样的供应商。有的客户不会直接回答你,有的客户会告诉你。7 x/ V’ 假如你有幸碰到头衔是Director,Vice President等职务的买家,要多说一些战略性的东西。这些人来展会不是为了1个柜2个柜来的。他们很多是来找战略性伙伴的(Strategic Partners)。所以你要有放长线钓大鱼的功力。假如你自己工厂实力可以的话,要主动的邀请这些人访问你的工厂。  这些职位的人很多学历很高,有些人有MBA background. 所以,有点喜欢听比较酸的话。这些人开口闭口就是: value, global supply chain, private label, costs, partnership,bottom line等等。你可以这样说:  We are one of the top 3 private label suppliers in the global market. Our producing capacity is more than 5,0000000000000/units each week. Furthermore, you know, the knowledge and the know-how sometimes is more important than the machines and equipments. Fortunately, we have accumulated enough producing and management know-how from our long-term co-operation with XXXX company. I am sure we can help you to reduce your international sourcing costs, we can help you to increase your bottom line.  假如是零售商:How many stores does your company have?  假如是中间商:Do you distribute your goods only in your domestic market? Or in the whole Europe? Which country is your biggest market? (不能直接问谁是你最大的客户,这样太敏感了。)  在展览会最后一两天的时候,你可以问: What do you think how about the trade show? Did you find everything which you need exactly? 你问这种问题很容易可以从客户那里得到你们整个行业的情况,客户的观点对你是很有价值的。同时,你也间接的问客户了客户还有什么东西没有找到,说不定你可以帮上客户的忙,假如你刚好也有这种产品的话,客户也会把定单下到你这里。  5, 跟客户介绍的时候,不要总是说, Our quality is very good. 展位上面大家时间都不多。 不要说一些客人没有办法衡量的话,怎么样才叫好呢?  大公司的买家基本上都是至少大学学历,很多都受过专门的采购培训,他们内部有一套定量的评估体系的。所以,最好是用你本行业的定量术语来表达,假如本行业没有定量术语,就直接说,We have supplied our products for XXXXX company for 5 years, and XXXX company is quiet satisfied for our quality. So I believe we can meet or exceed your quality requirements. 这个XXXX公司最好是客户应该知道的,和客户差不多同类档次的,或者高一点点,不要高太多的。否则要误解的。  6,其实,大公司的买手最关心的不是price, quality, 而是reliability. 差不多的商品,买手从不同的供应商购买,价格有点小差距,国外的公司是可以接受的。但是,买手找的供应商出问题的话,那问题就大了,欧洲还好一点,美国可以马上就走人。所以,我们假如能站在客户的角度考虑问题,要让买手觉得你在所有的供应商里面,你是最reliable的,包括质量,价格,长期供货能力等等。  总之,你是在和客户沟通,而不是被审问。一定要interactiv

时尚:鞋带新系法之“红色五角星” 快学学吧

This purely decorative lacing forms a pentagram, or five pointed star. Besides the "magical" associations, solid five pointed stars are found on many flags, most notably the fifty stars on the U.S. flag. This lacing works best with thinner or flat laces because several eyelets have to accommodate two passes of shoelace.Lacing Technique:1. The lace is run straight across (grey section) and is fed into the third set of eyelets from the top of the shoe.
2. Both ends run straight down on the inside and emerge from the bottom pair of eyelets (skip two sets of eyelets). These mark the bottom "corners" of the pentagram.
3. The left (blue) end forms the bottom "cross" as follows: Run diagonally up to the right, feeding back into the third eyelet from the top on the right side of the shoe, then run straight down on the inside to emerge from the bottom right "corner" of the pentagram, then diagonally up to the left, feeding a second time into the third eyelet from the top on the left side of the shoe.
4. The left (blue) end now continues to form the top "rung" as follows: Run straight up on the inside and emerge from the next eyelet up the shoe, then run straight across to feed into the adjacent eyelet on the right side of the shoe, then straight up to emerge from the top right eyelet.
5. With the top "rung" completed, the right (yellow) end now runs diagonally up to the top middle and wraps around that rung, then runs diagonally back down and left, feeding a second time into the eyelet at the bottom left "corner" of the pentagram.
6. Finally, the left (yellow) end runs all the way up the inside left of the shoe to emerge from the top left eyelet.
Features:Decorative lookLoose fitHarder to tighten
Comparative Length = 135%Laced area uses more (about +35%)Longer laces needed (about +17%)Shortens lace ends (about −32%)More details
NOTE:It may take some experimentation to get a pentagram with fairly even points, which will depend on the width of the shoe and the eyelet spacing.
Running the bottom "corners" through the second pair of eyelets from the bottom reduces the length of the lower points and shifts the pentagram higher up the shoe. The top "rung" can be also be shifted higher to increase the length of the top point.
这是一种装饰性的系法,形似五角星,除了“神奇”国度以外,五角星广泛地应用于各式各样的旗帜上,最打眼的便是美国国旗上的五十颗星星。这种系法对扁平的鞋带效果最好,因为有几个鞋孔需要穿插两次。
系法:
1.从上方直接穿过(灰色部分)第三组鞋孔。
2.从底部穿越到最后一组鞋孔(跳过两个孔),这些是五角星的“底角”。
3.左路大军(蓝色)按如下路线“推进”:斜向进入右上方第三个鞋孔,然后从底部穿越至五角星的“右下角”,斜上左上方第三个鞋孔。
4.左路继续进军形成顶部的”横杠“:从底部穿越至上方鞋孔,然后推进到右边对应的位置,最终从底部浮出,到达右方鞋孔出口。
5.顶部“横杠”形成后,右路大军(黄色)斜上至“横杠”,穿越并再次迂回到左下角鞋孔。
6.右路最终从底部到达左方鞋孔出口。

性能
优点:好看
缺点:松散,很难勒紧
对比长度 = 135%
增加:鞋带利用面积(+35%)
鞋带长度需求(+17%)
减少:鞋带剩余部分(-32%)
注意:
要得到一个整洁的五角星可能需要一些试验,这取决于鞋子宽度和鞋孔大小。
运用“底角”来减少鞋带不可见的部分,这样可以将五角星上移。顶部“横杠”同样可以上移来增加鞋带剩余部分。

How to Raise Our I.Q.

Poor people have I.Q.’s significantly lower than those of rich people, and the awkward conventional wisdom has been that this is in large part a function of genetics.
After all, a series of studies seemed to indicate that I.Q. is largely inherited. Identical twins raised apart, for example, have I.Q.’s that are remarkably similar. They are even closer on average than those of fraternal twins who grow up together.
If intelligence were deeply encoded in our genes, that would lead to the depressing conclusion that neither schooling nor antipoverty programs can accomplish much. Yet while this view of I.Q. as overwhelmingly inherited has been widely held, the evidence is growing that it is, at a practical level, profoundly wrong. Richard Nisbett, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, has just demolished this view in a superb new book, “Intelligence and How to Get It,” which also offers terrific advice for addressing poverty and inequality in America.
Professor Nisbett provides suggestions for transforming your own urchins into geniuses — praise effort more than achievement, teach delayed gratification, limit reprimands and use praise to stimulate curiosity — but focuses on how to raise America’s collective I.Q. That’s important, because while I.Q. doesn’t measure pure intellect — we’re not certain exactly what it does measure — differences do matter, and a higher I.Q. correlates to greater success in life.
Intelligence does seem to be highly inherited in middle-class households, and that’s the reason for the findings of the twins studies: very few impoverished kids were included in those studies. But Eric Turkheimer of the University of Virginia has conducted further research demonstrating that in poor and chaotic households, I.Q. is minimally the result of genetics — because everybody is held back.
“Bad environments suppress children’s I.Q.’s,” Professor Turkheimer said.
One gauge of that is that when poor children are adopted into upper-middle-class households, their I.Q.’s rise by 12 to 18 points, depending on the study. For example, a French study showed that children from poor households adopted into upper-middle-class homes averaged an I.Q. of 107 by one test and 111 by another. Their siblings who were not adopted averaged 95 on both tests.
Another indication of malleability is that I.Q. has risen sharply over time. Indeed, the average I.Q. of a person in 1917 would amount to only 73 on today’s I.Q. test. Half the population of 1917 would be considered mentally retarded by today’s measurements, Professor Nisbett says.
Good schooling correlates particularly closely to higher I.Q.’s. One indication of the importance of school is that children’s I.Q.’s drop or stagnate over the summer months when they are on vacation (particularly for kids whose parents don’t inflict books or summer programs on them).
Professor Nisbett strongly advocates intensive early childhood education because of its proven ability to raise I.Q. and improve long-term outcomes. The Milwaukee Project, for example, took African-American children considered at risk for mental retardation and assigned them randomly either to a control group that received no help or to a group that enjoyed intensive day care and education from 6 months of age until they left to enter first grade.
By age 5, the children in the program averaged an I.Q. of 110, compared with 83 for children in the control group. Even years later in adolescence, those children were still 10 points ahead in I.Q.
Professor Nisbett suggests putting less money into Head Start, which has a mixed record, and more into these intensive childhood programs. He also notes that schools in the Knowledge Is Power Program (better known as KIPP) have tested exceptionally well and favors experiments to see if they can be scaled up.
Another proven intervention is to tell junior-high-school students that I.Q. is expandable, and that their intelligence is something they can help shape. Students exposed to that idea work harder and get better grades. That’s particularly true of girls and math, apparently because some girls assume that they are genetically disadvantaged at numbers; deprived of an excuse for failure, they excel.
“Some of the things that work are very cheap,” Professor Nisbett noted. “Convincing junior-high kids that intelligence is under their control — you could argue that that should be in the junior-high curriculum right now.”
The implication of this new research on intelligence is that the economic-stimulus package should also be an intellectual-stimulus program. By my calculation, if we were to push early childhood education and bolster schools in poor neighborhoods, we just might be able to raise the United States collective I.Q. by as much as one billion points.
That should be a no-brainer.
怎样提高我们的智商
穷人的智商明显低于富人,不合时宜的传统智慧告诉我们这很大程度上是遗传在起作用。
毕竟,一系列研究表明智商在很大程度上是遗传的。例如,同卵双胞胎分开长大后,智商仍旧非常相似,从平均情况看,甚至比一起长大的异卵双胞胎更加接近。
假如智力深深根植于人们的基因中,就会由此推断出令人沮丧的结果:学校教育和扶贫计划都不可能取得卓越成效。然而,当智商大部分来自遗传这个观点被广泛采纳时,在实践层面上,证明这个观点是根本错误的证据在不断增加。密西根州立大学心理学教授理查德.尼斯贝特在他的最新佳作《智力以及如何得到它》里,刚刚驳斥了这个观点,书中还就如何改善美国的贫困和不平等状况提出了很好的意见。
尼斯贝特教授对如何把你家里的小顽童变成天才提出了建议——要多表扬孩子付出的努力,少表扬已经取得的成功、要教会孩子享乐在后、要少一些责备,用表扬来激发孩子的好奇心等。但是尼斯贝特教授的焦点在于提高美国人的集体智商。智商很重要,因为它并不是单纯对智力的衡量,虽然我们也不能确切肯定智商究竟衡量什么——差异很重要,高智商和成功的人生有紧密关联。
确实,在中产阶级家庭里,智力看起来在很大程度上是遗传的,这就是双胞胎研究能得到这个发现的理由——因为很少有穷人家庭的孩子参与这些研究。但是弗吉尼亚大学的埃里克.托克海姆进行了进一步的研究,表明在贫困和不幸家庭里,智商和遗传的相关度很低,因为每一个人都被拖累了。
“不良环境压抑了儿童的智商。”托克海姆教授说。
托克海姆研究中的一项测量表明,当贫困儿童被中上层家庭收养后,智商提高了12至18点。例如有一项法国的研究显示,两次测试被中上层家庭收养的贫困儿童的平均智商,结果分别为107和111,而他们没有被收养的兄弟在两次测试中均为95。
其它可以表明智商可塑性的是随着时间的推移智商会急速上升。确实,用今天的方法来测试,1917年的人平均智商仅为73。尼斯贝特教授说,根据今天的标准,1917年有一半人口可以被认为是精神迟滞症患者。
良好的学校教育与高智商密切相关。有一点可以表明学校教育重要性,即儿童在暑假期间的智商会下降或停滞。(特别是在家长不要求孩子读书或没有安排暑期学习计划的情况下。)
尼斯贝特教授大力支持强化的儿童早期教育,因为这已经证明对提高智商有利,并且有长远效果。例如密尔沃基项目研究有患精神迟滞风险的非洲裔美国儿童,把他们随机分组,一组控制外部帮助,另外一组有加强的日间护理和教育,从6个月年龄开始直到读一年级为止。
到了5岁时,项目里有护理和教育组的儿童平均智商为110,而控制组儿童的智商仅为83。甚至过了很多年到了孩子的青春期,有早期教育孩子的智商还领先10点。
尼斯贝特教授建议不要在政府的早期智力开发项目(Head Start)多花钱,因为口碑良莠不齐,可以把钱花在强化的儿童项目上。他还指出,参加“知识就是力量”项目的学校特别优秀,这些学校愿意参加实验以期排名上升。
另一项有用的举措是告诉初中学生智商是可以提升的,他们可以塑造自己的才智。懂得这个道理的学生会更加努力取得好成绩。这在女孩和数学方面特别突出,因为有些女孩认为自己在数字方面没有遗传优势,没有失败的借口所以能胜出。
“有些东西有效而且廉价,”尼斯贝特教授指出。“让初中生相信他们可以控制自己的智力,可以争取现在就把这一条放到初中的课程中去。”
关于智力的新研究表明经济一揽子刺激计划也应该是智力促进计划。我估计,假如我们力推儿童教育,支持贫困社区学校,就可以把美国的集体智商提高到多至十亿点。
这是多么容易的一件事。